統(tong)計(ji)資(zi)料(liao)顯(xian)示(shi),因(yin)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)控(kong)製(zhi)不(bu)合(ge)理(li)而(er)損(sun)壞(huai)的(di)電(dian)池(chi)占(zhan)總(zong)損(sun)壞(huai)電(dian)池(chi)數(shuo)的(di)80%。為(wei)了(liao)延(yan)長(zhang)閥(fa)控(kong)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming),須(xu)嚴(yan)格(ge)按(an)要(yao)求(qiu)充(chong)電(dian)(尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)浮(fu)充(chong)充(chong)電(dian))和(hu)放(fang)電(dian)。
( 1)浮(fu)充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)
在(zai)通(tong)信(xin)電(dian)源(yuan)係(ji)統(tong)中(zhong),為(wei)了(liao)確(que)保(bao)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)源(yuan)不(bu)間(jian)斷(duan),通(tong)常(chang)都(du)采(cai)用(yong)開(kai)關(guan)整(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)(充(chong)電(dian)器(qi))與(yu)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)並(bing)聯(lian)的(di)浮(fu)充(chong)供(gong)電(dian)方(fang)式(shi)。在(zai)浮(fu)充(chong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia),充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)於(yu)補(bu)償(chang)電(dian)池(chi)因(yin)自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)而(er)損(sun)失(shi)的(di)電(dian)量(liang)。隻(zhi)有(you)在(zai)市(shi)電(dian)中(zhong)斷(duan)時(shi),才(cai)由(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)單(shan)獨(du)向(xiang)負(fu)載(zai)供(gong)電(dian)。
①浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)的(di)設(she)置(zhi)閥(fa)控(kong)式(shi)密(mi)封(feng)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)長(zhang)年(nian)工(gong)作(zuo)於(yu)浮(fu)充(chong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，為(wei)了(liao)不(bu)影(ying)響(xiang)其(qi)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming),須(xu)***電(dian)池(chi)內(nei)不(bu)產(chan)生(sheng)氣(qi)體(ti),因(yin)此(ci),當(dang)環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(duo)為(wei)25°C時(shi),標(biao)準(zhun)型(xing)單(shan)體(ti)閥(fa)控(kong)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)通(tong)常(chang)設(she)置(zhi)在(zai)2.25V左(zuo)右(you),允(yun)許(xu)變(bian)化(hua)範(fan)圍(wei)為(wei)2.23 ~ 2.27V。低(di)壓(ya)型(xing)單(shan)體(ti)閥(fa)控(kong)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)通(tong)常(chang)設(she)置(zhi)在(zai)2.20V左(zuo)右(you),允(yun)許(xu)變(bian)化(hua)範(fan)圍(wei)為(wei)2.19 ~ 2.21V標(biao)準(zhun)型(xing)閥(fa)控(kong)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)充(chong)電(dian)特(te)性(xing)曲(qu)線(xian)如(ru)圖(tu)5 -6所(suo)示(shi)。電(dian)池(chi)放(fang)完(wan)電(dian)後(hou),應(ying)先(xian)用(yong)恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian),當(dang)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)達(da)到(dao)設(she)定(ding)的(di)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)時(shi),自(zi)動(dong)轉(zhuan)入(ru)恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)。此(ci)後(hou),充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)逐(zhu)漸(jian)減(jian)小(xiao),電(dian)池(chi)逐(zhu)漸(jian)恢(hui)複(fu)額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)。
浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)設(she)置(zhi)過(guo)低(di)時(shi),閥(fa)控(kong)電(dian)池(chi)長(zhang)期(qi)處(chu)於(yu)欠(qian)充(chong)電(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai),極(ji)板(pan)深(shen)處(chu)的(di)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)不(bu)能(neng)參(shen)與(yu)化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應(ying),因(yin)而(er)在(zai)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)與(yu)板(pan)柵(zha)之(zhi)間(jian)形(xing)成(cheng)高(gao)電(dian)阻(zu)層(ceng),使(shi)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)內(nei)阻(zu)增(zeng)大(dai)，容(rong)量(liang)下(xia)降(xiang)。
浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)設(she)置(zhi)過(guo)高(gao)時(shi),電(dian)池(chi)將(qiang)長(zhang)期(qi)處(chu)於(yu)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai),電(dian)池(chi)內(nei)產(chan)生(sheng)的(di)氣(qi)體(ti)量(liang)增(zeng)加(jia),安(an)全(quan)閥(fa)經(jing)常(chang)處(chu)於(yu)下(xia),水(shui)分(fen)損(sun)失(shi)15% ,電(dian)池(chi)的(di)容(rong)量(liang)就(jiu)減(jian)小(xiao)15%。
此(ci)時(shi),電(dian)池(chi)的(di)壽(shou)命(ming)就(jiu)終(zhong)止(zhi)。此(ci)外(wai),浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)設(she)置(zhi)過(guo)高(gao)時(shi),其(qi)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)流(liu)將(qiang)增(zeng)大(dai),電(dian)池(chi)內(nei)產(chan)生(sheng)的(di)熱(re)量(liang)不(bu)能(neng)及(ji)時(shi)散(san)發(fa),電(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)將(qiang)出(chu)現(xian)熱(re)量(liang)積(ji)累(lei),從(zong)而(er)使(shi)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)溫(wen)度(duo)升(sheng)高(gao),這(zhe)樣(yang)又(you)促(cu)使(shi)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)流(liu)增(zeng)大(dai),***終(zhong)造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)度(duo)和(hu)電(dian)流(liu)不(bu)斷(duan)增(zeng)加(jia)的(di)惡(wu)性(xing)循(xun)環(huan),這(zhe)種(zhong)現(xian)象(xiang)通(tong)常(chang)稱(chen)為(wei)熱(re)失(shi)控(kong)。實(shi)驗(yan)表(biao)明(ming):浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)設(she)置(zhi)在(zai)2.30V(25°C)時(shi),6~8個(ge)月(yue)後(hou),電(dian)池(chi)的(di)容(rong)量(liang)會(kuai)嚴(yan)重(chong)下(xia)降(xiang)並(bing)可(ke)導(dao)致(zhi)熱(re)失(shi)控(kong);浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)設(she)置(zhi)在(zai)2.35V ( 25°C )時(shi), 4個(ge)月(yue)後(hou)就(jiu)可(ke)能(neng)出(chu)現(xian)熱(re)失(shi)控(kong)。
值(zhi)得(dei)注(zhu)意(yi)的(di)是(shi):開(kai)關(guan)整(zheng)流(liu)設(she)備(bei)的(di)紋(wen)波(bo)電(dian)壓(ya)過(guo)高(gao)時(shi),雖(sui)然(ran)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)平(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)不(bu)高(gao),但(dan)是(shi)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)的(di)峰(feng)值(zhi)過(guo)高(gao)。該(gai)峰(feng)值(zhi)電(dian)壓(ya)使(shi)單(shan)體(ti)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)超(chao)過(guo)2.40V時(shi),也(ye)可(ke)使(shi)電(dian)解(xie)液(ye)中(zhong)的(di)水(shui)分(fen)解(xie),產(chan)生(sheng)較(jiao)多(duo)的(di)氣(qi)體(ti),從(zong)而(er)減(jian)小(xiao)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)容(rong)量(liang)。
在(zai)通(tong)信(xin)電(dian)源(yuan)係(ji)統(tong)中(zhong),閥(fa)控(kong)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)通(tong)常(chang)由(you)24隻(zhi)單(shan)體(ti)電(dian)池(chi)串(chuan)聯(lian)組(zu)成(cheng)。開(kai)關(guan)整(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)的(di)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)應(ying)當(dang)設(she)置(zhi)在(zai)54V ( 2.25Vx24 ) ~ 54.5V ( 2.27Vx24 )之(zhi)間(jian)。但(dan)是(shi),有(you)- -些(xie)開(kai)關(guan)整(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)為(wei)了(liao)不(bu)進(jin)行(hang)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)，浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)設(she)置(zhi)得(dei)過(guo)高(gao),這(zhe)樣(yang)將(qiang)嚴(yan)重(chong)影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)。
②浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)與(yu)溫(wen)度(duo)的(di)關(guan)係(ji)在(zai)浮(fu)充(chong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia) ,為(wei)了(liao)閥(fa)控(kong)電(dian)池(chi)既(ji)不(bu)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian),也(ye)不(bu)欠(qian)充(chong)電(dian),除(chu)了(liao)設(she)置(zhi)合(ge)適(kuo)的(di)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)外(wai),還(huan)須(xu)隨(sui)著(zhuo)環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(duo)的(di)變(bian)化(hua)適(kuo)時(shi)調(diao)整(zheng)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)。浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)的(di)溫(wen)度(duo)係(ji)數(shuo)約(yao)為(wei)-3mV/°C ,也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)說(shui),溫(wen)度(duo)每(mei)升(sheng)高(gao)1°C ,單(shan)體(ti)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)應(ying)當(dang)下(xia)降(xiang)3mV。試(shi)驗(yan)表(biao)明(ming),在(zai)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)變(bian)的(di)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia),環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(duo)升(sheng)高(gao)10°C ,閥(fa)控(kong)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)流(liu)將(qiang)增(zeng)加(jia)10倍(bei),這(zhe)樣(yang)就(jiu)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)熱(re)失(shi)控(kong),嚴(yan)重(chong)影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)。
③浮(fu)充(chong)壽(shou)命(ming)與(yu)環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(duo)的(di)關(guan)係(ji)在(zai)浮(fu)充(chong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia),閥(fa)控(kong)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)能(neng)夠(gou)正(zheng)常(chang)供(gong)電(dian)的(di)時(shi)間(jian),稱(chen)為(wei)浮(fu)充(chong)壽(shou)命(ming)。試(shi)驗(yan)結(jie)果(guo)表(biao)明(ming),當(dang)環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(duo)為(wei)25°C時(shi),質(zhi)量(liang)較(jiao)好(hao)的(di)國(guo)外(wai)閥(fa)控(kong)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)浮(fu)充(chong)壽(shou)命(ming)可(ke)達(da)20年(nian)，國(guo)產(chan)2V閥(fa)控(kong)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)浮(fu)充(chong)壽(shou)命(ming)也(ye)可(ke)達(da)到(dao)10年(nian)以(yi)上(shang)。浮(fu)充(chong)壽(shou)命(ming)與(yu)環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(duo)的(di)關(guan)係(ji)如(ru)圖(tu)5-7所(suo)示(shi)。
環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(duo)升(sheng)高(gao)後(hou),電(dian)池(chi)的(di)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)流(liu)增(zeng)大(dai),板(pan)柵(zha)腐(fu)蝕(shi)加(jia)速(su),電(dian)池(chi)內(nei)將(qiang)發(fa)生(sheng)電(dian)解(xie)水(shui)反(fan)應(ying)。同(tong)時(shi),環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(duo)越(yue)高(gao),電(dian)解(xie)液(ye)中(zhong)水(shui)分(fen)蒸(zheng)發(fa)得(dei)越(yue)快(kuai)。環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(duo)每(mei)升(sheng)高(gao)10°C ,電(dian)池(chi)內(nei)水(shui)分(fen)蒸(zheng)發(fa)損(sun)失(shi)約(yao)增(zeng)加(jia)一(yi)倍(bei),水(shui)分(fen)減(jian)少(shao)後(hou),電(dian)池(chi)的(di)容(rong)量(liang)下(xia)降(xiang),壽(shou)命(ming)也(ye)隨(sui)之(zhi)縮(suo)短(duan)。
從(zong)閥(fa)控(kong)密(mi)封(feng)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)浮(fu)充(chong)壽(shou)命(ming)與(yu)溫(wen)度(duo)的(di)關(guan)係(ji)曲(qu)線(xian)中(zhong)可(ke)以(yi)看(kan)出(chu),當(dang)環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(duo)從(zong)25°C.上(shang)升(sheng)到(dao)43°C時(shi),其(qi)浮(fu)充(chong)壽(shou)命(ming)將(qiang)從(zong)20年(nian)下(xia)降(xiang)到(dao)5年(nian)。在(zai)某(mou)些(xie)無(wu)人(ren)值(zhi)守(shou)的(di)通(tong)信(xin)站(zhan),***高(gao)溫(wen)度(duo)可(ke)能(neng)達(da)到(dao)50°C。在(zai)這(zhe)樣(yang)的(di)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia),即(ji)使(shi)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)設(she)置(zhi)準(zhun)確(que),其(qi)壽(shou)命(ming)也(ye)會(kuai)縮(suo)短(duan)。因(yin)此(ci)，為(wei)了(liao)延(yan)長(zhang)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)壽(shou)命(ming),閥(fa)控(kong)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)應(ying)當(dang)安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)有(you)空(kong)調(diao)的(di)房(fang)間(jian)內(nei)。此(ci)外(wai),為(wei)了(liao)減(jian)小(xiao)溫(wen)度(duo)對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)的(di)影(ying)響(xiang), 安(an)裝(zhuang)時(shi),各(ge)單(shan)體(ti)電(dian)池(chi)之(zhi)間(jian)應(ying)當(dang)留(liu)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(di)空(kong)隙(xi),並(bing)避(bi)免(wen)太(tai)陽(yang)照(zhao)射(she)。與(yu)此(ci)同(tong)時(shi),還(huan)應(ying)當(dang)遠(yuan)離(li)開(kai)關(guan)整(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)等(deng)熱(re)源(yuan)。當(dang)采(cai)用(yong)多(duo)層(ceng)安(an)裝(zhuang)時(shi),安(an)裝(zhuang)層(ceng)數(shuo)不(bu)要(yao)太(tai)多(duo),***好(hao)不(bu)要(yao)安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)密(mi)閉(bi)的(di)電(dian)池(chi)櫃(ju)內(nei),以(yi)免(wen)影(ying)響(xiang)散(san)熱(re)。 ( 2 )均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)當(dang)閥(fa)控(kong)式(shi)密(mi)封(feng)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)深(shen)度(duo)放(fang)電(dian)或(huo)長(zhang)期(qi)浮(fu)充(chong)供(gong)電(dian)時(shi),其(qi)單(shan)體(ti)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)電(dian)壓(ya)和(hu)容(rong)量(liang)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)出(chu)現(xian)不(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)的(di)現(xian)象(xiang)。為(wei)了(liao)消(xiao)除(chu)這(zhe)種(zhong)不(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)現(xian)象(xiang),須(xu)適(kuo)當(dang)提(ti)高(gao)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)。完(wan)成(cheng)這(zhe)種(zhong)功(gong)能(neng)的(di)充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)法(fa)叫(jiao)作(zuo)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)。
①均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)的(di)時(shi)機(ji)閥(fa)控(kong)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)遇(yu)到(dao)下(xia)列(lie)情(qing)況(kuang)之(zhi)-時(shi),應(ying)進(jin)行(hang)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian):
●兩(liang)隻(zhi)以(yi)上(shang)單(shan)體(ti)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)低(di)於(yu)2.18V ;
●放(fang)電(dian)深(shen)度(duo)超(chao)過(guo)20% (即(ji)放(fang)出(chu)的(di)電(dian)量(liang)超(chao)過(guo)額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)的(di)20%);
●閑(xian)置(zhi)時(shi)間(jian)超(chao)過(guo)3個(ge)月(yue);
●全(quan)浮(fu)充(chong)時(shi)間(jian)超(chao)過(guo)3個(ge)月(yue)。
②均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)的(di)電(dian)壓(ya)設(she)置(zhi)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi) ,通(tong)常(chang)采(cai)用(yong)恒(heng)壓(ya)限(xian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)法(fa)。當(dang)環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(duo)為(wei)25°C時(shi),單(shan)體(ti)閥(fa)控(kong)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)應(ying)設(she)置(zhi)在(zai)2.35V ,充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)應(ying)小(xiao)於(yu)0.25 C1oA. C1為(wei)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)10小(xiao)時(shi)率(shuai)放(fang)電(dian)容(rong)量(liang),對(dui)額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)為(wei)100A. h的(di)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)來(lai)說(shui),均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)應(ying)小(xiao)於(yu)0.25x 100=25A。
通(tong)信(xin)電(dian)源(yuan)係(ji)統(tong)中(zhong),閥(fa)控(kong)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)通(tong)常(chang)采(cai)用(yong)24隻(zhi)單(shan)體(ti)電(dian)池(chi)串(chuan)聯(lian),因(yin)此(ci),開(kai)關(guan)整(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)的(di)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)應(ying)當(dang)設(she)置(zhi)在(zai)56.4V ( 2.35Vx24 )。當(dang)環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(duo)發(fa)生(sheng)變(bian)化(hua)時(shi),均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)應(ying)隨(sui)之(zhi)而(er)變(bian)。通(tong)常(chang),環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(duo)每(mei)升(sheng)高(gao)1°C ,單(shan)體(ti)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)應(ying)下(xia)降(xiang)3mV。
值(zhi)得(dei)注(zhu)意(yi)的(di)是(shi),閥(fa)控(kong)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)正(zheng)常(chang)使(shi)用(yong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)。一(yi)般(pan)要(yao)經(jing)過(guo)3個(ge)月(yue)到(dao)半(ban)年(nian)才(cai)進(jin)行(hang)一(yi)次(ci)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian) ,因(yin)此(ci)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)的(di)設(she)置(zhi)對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)的(di)影(ying)響(xiang)不(bu)大(dai)。但(dan)是(shi)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)結(jie)束(shu)後(hou)須(xu)立(li)即(ji)轉(zhuan)入(ru)浮(fu)充(chong)狀(zhuang)態(tai),否(pi)則(ze)將(qiang)會(kuai)因(yin)嚴(yan)重(chong)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)而(er)影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)。
③均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)的(di)時(shi)間(jian)設(she)置(zhi)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)與(yu)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)和(hu)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)有(you)關(guan)。當(dang)限(xian)定(ding)的(di)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)為(wei)0.25 C1oA時(shi),充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)不(bu)同(tong)的(di)數(shuo)值(zhi)時(shi),充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)與(yu)容(rong)量(liang)恢(hui)複(fu)百(bai)分(fen)數(shuo)的(di)關(guan)係(ji)如(ru)圖(tu)5-8所(suo)示(shi)。從(zong)圖(tu)中(zhong)可(ke)以(yi)看(kan)出(chu),當(dang)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)設(she)置(zhi)為(wei)2.35V時(shi),充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)改(gai)變(bian)時(shi),其(qi)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)應(ying)相(xiang)應(ying)改(gai)變(bian)。
在(zai)實(shi)際(ji)應(ying)用(yong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),若(ruo)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)過(guo)短(duan),則(ze)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)不(bu)足(ju)電(dian),若(ruo)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)設(she)置(zhi)過(guo)長(zhang),蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)將(qiang)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)。為(wei)了(liao)延(yan)長(zhang)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming),須(xu)根(gen)據(ju)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)和(hu)電(dian)流(liu),準(zhun)確(que)地(de)設(she)置(zhi)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)。
(3)補(bu)充(chong)電(dian)
閥(fa)控(kong)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)長(zhang)期(qi)開(kai)路(lu)存(cun)放(fang)時(shi),電(dian)池(chi)的(di)容(rong)量(liang)將(qiang)因(yin)自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)而(er)損(sun)失(shi)。為(wei)了(liao)***電(dian)池(chi)具(ju)有(you)足(ju)夠(gou)的(di)容(rong)量(liang)，使(shi)用(yong)前(qian),應(ying)根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)壓(ya),判(pan)斷(duan)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)剩(sheng)餘(yu)容(rong)量(liang),然(ran)後(hou)采(cai)用(yong)不(bu)同(tong)的(di)方(fang)法(fa)對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行(hang)補(bu)充(chong)電(dian)。
閥(fa)控(kong)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)存(cun)放(fang)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),由(you)於(yu)自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)作(zuo)用(yong),剩(sheng)餘(yu)容(rong)量(liang)將(qiang)逐(zhu)漸(jian)減(jian)小(xiao),開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)壓(ya)將(qiang)逐(zhu)漸(jian)下(xia)降(xiang)。開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)壓(ya)與(yu)剩(sheng)餘(yu)容(rong)量(liang)的(di)關(guan)係(ji)如(ru)圖(tu)5-9所(suo)示(shi)。從(zong)圖(tu)中(zhong)可(ke)以(yi)看(kan)出(chu),當(dang)單(shan)體(ti)閥(fa)控(kong)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)電(dian)壓(ya)在(zai)2.05V以(yi)上(shang)時(shi),電(dian)池(chi)的(di)剩(sheng)餘(yu)容(rong)量(liang)可(ke)達(da)80%以(yi)上(shang);當(dang)單(shan)體(ti)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)電(dian)壓(ya)低(di)於(yu)1.95V時(shi),電(dian)池(chi)的(di)剩(sheng)餘(yu)容(rong)量(liang)將(qiang)低(di)於(yu)25%。當(dang)剩(sheng)餘(yu)容(rong)量(liang)小(xiao)於(yu)80%時(shi),應(ying)進(jin)行(hang)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian);當(dang)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)的(di)電(dian)流(liu)連(lian)續(xu)3h不(bu)變(bian)時(shi)，再(zai)轉(zhuan)入(ru)浮(fu)充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)。值(zhi)得(dei)注(zhu)意(yi)的(di)是(shi),在(zai)閥(fa)控(kong)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)存(cun)放(fang)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),為(wei)了(liao)避(bi)免(wen)因(yin)過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)而(er)損(sun)壞(huai),每(mei)隔(ge)3個(ge)月(yue)應(ying)進(jin)行(hang)一(yi)次(ci)補(bu)充(chong)電(dian)。
(4)循(xun)環(huan)充(chong)電(dian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)循(xun)環(huan)使(shi)用(yong)時(shi),放(fang)出(chu)一(yi)定(ding)電(dian)量(liang)後(hou)，應(ying)當(dang)及(ji)時(shi)充(chong)電(dian),這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)稱(chen)為(wei)循(xun)環(huan)充(chong)電(dian)。
①循(xun)環(huan)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)的(di)設(she)置(zhi)閥(fa)控(kong)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)循(xun) 環(huan)使(shi)用(yong)時(shi),通(tong)常(chang)放(fang)出(chu)的(di)電(dian)量(liang)遠(yuan)大(dai)於(yu)其(qi)額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)的(di)20%。為(wei)了(liao)使(shi)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)充(chong)分(fen)進(jin)行(hang)化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應(ying),充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)應(ying)略(lüe)高(gao)於(yu)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya),通(tong)常(chang)設(she)置(zhi)在(zai)2.40~2.45V ,充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)也(ye)應(ying)限(xian)製(zhi)在(zai)0.25C1oA以(yi)內(nei)。與(yu)此(ci)同(tong)時(shi),循(xun)環(huan)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)也(ye)應(ying)根(gen)據(ju)環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(duo)而(er)變(bian)。
②循(xun)環(huan)壽(shou)命(ming) 當(dang)閥(fa)控(kong)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)循(xun)環(huan)使(shi)用(yong),其(qi)容(rong)量(liang)下(xia)降(xiang)到(dao)額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)的(di)50%時(shi),蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)完(wan)成(cheng)的(di)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)循(xun)環(huan)次(ci)數(shuo),稱(chen)為(wei)循(xun)環(huan)壽(shou)命(ming)。電(dian)池(chi)的(di)循(xun)環(huan)壽(shou)命(ming)隨(sui)其(qi)放(fang)電(dian)深(shen)度(duo)的(di)增(zeng):大(dai)而(er)迅(xun)速(su)降(xiang)低(di),如(ru)圖(tu)5-10所(suo)示(shi)。由(you)圖(tu)可(ke)以(yi)看(kan)出(chu)，12V係(ji)列(lie)閥(fa)控(kong)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)深(shen)度(duo)為(wei)30% ,也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)說(shui)每(mei)次(ci)放(fang)出(chu)的(di)電(dian)量(liang)為(wei)額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)30%時(shi),循(xun)環(huan)壽(shou)命(ming)接(jie)近(jin)1200次(ci);當(dang)放(fang)電(dian)深(shen)度(duo)為(wei)時(shi),循(xun)環(huan)壽(shou)命(ming)僅(jin)接(jie)近(jin)400次(ci)。因(yin)此(ci),閥(fa)控(kong)電(dian)池(chi)循(xun)環(huan)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)時(shi),為(wei)了(liao)延(yan)長(zhang)壽(shou)命(ming),應(ying)當(dang)盡(jin)量(liang)避(bi)免(wen)深(shen)度(duo)放(fang)電(dian)。
