但(dan)在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)UPS供(gong)電(dian)係(ji)統(tong)的(di)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，人(ren)們(men)往(wang)往(wang)片(pian)麵(mian)地(de)認(ren)為(wei)閥(fa)控(kong)式(shi)密(mi)封(feng)鉛(qian)酸(suan)（VRLA）蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)是(shi)免(wen)維(wei)護(hu)的(di)，對(dui)維(wei)護(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)不(bu)予(yu)以(yi)重(chong)視(shi)。正(zheng)是(shi)由(you)於(yu)對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)不(bu)合(ge)理(li)使(shi)用(yong)，因(yin)此(ci)產(chan)生(sheng)了(liao)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)電(dian)解(xie)液(ye)幹(gan)涸(he)、熱(re)失(shi)控(kong)、早(zao)期(qi)容(rong)量(liang)損(sun)失(shi)、內(nei)部(bu)短(duan)路(lu)等(deng)問(wen)題(ti)的(di)出(chu)現(xian)，進(jin)而(er)嚴(yan)重(chong)影(ying)響(xiang)到(dao)供(gong)電(dian)係(ji)統(tong)的(di)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)。有(you)資(zi)料(liao)表(biao)明(ming)，由(you)於(yu)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)故(gu)障(zhang)引(yin)起(qi)UPS主(zhu)機(ji)故(gu)障(zhang)或(huo)工(gong)作(zuo)不(bu)正(zheng)常(chang)的(di)比(bi)例(li)大(dai)約(yao)為(wei)30%～50%。由(you)此(ci)可(ke)見(xian)，加(jia)強(jiang)對(dui)UPS電(dian)池(chi)的(di)正(zheng)確(que)使(shi)用(yong)與(yu)維(wei)護(hu)，對(dui)延(yan)長(zhang)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)，降(xiang)低(di)UPS電(dian)源(yuan)係(ji)統(tong)故(gu)障(zhang)率(shuai)，起(qi)到(dao)重(chong)要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)。
 

1、UPS供(gong)電(dian)係(ji)統(tong)的(di)作(zuo)用(yong)及(ji)特(te)點(dian)
 

       1.1UPS供(gong)電(dian)係(ji)統(tong)的(di)作(zuo)用(yong)

       在(zai)UPS供(gong)電(dian)係(ji)統(tong)中(zhong)，UPS是(shi)整(zheng)個(ge)供(gong)電(dian)係(ji)統(tong)的(di)核(he)心(xin)，它(ta)起(qi)到(dao)兩(liang)個(ge)作(zuo)用(yong)，一(yi)是(shi)***向(xiang)負(fu)載(zai)供(gong)電(dian)的(di)不(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)性(xing)，二(er)是(shi)改(gai)善(shan)對(dui)負(fu)載(zai)的(di)供(gong)電(dian)質(zhi)量(liang)。對(dui)交(jiao)流(liu)通(tong)信(xin)設(she)備(bei)來(lai)說(shui)，其(qi)交(jiao)流(liu)輸(shu)入(ru)的(di)不(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)性(xing)除(chu)與(yu)UPS設(she)備(bei)本(ben)身(shen)的(di)技(ji)術(zhu)指(zhi)標(biao)和(hu)技(ji)術(zhu)性(xing)能(neng)有(you)關(guan)外(wai)，還(huan)與(yu)整(zheng)個(ge)供(gong)電(dian)係(ji)統(tong)的(di)方(fang)案(an)設(she)計(ji)有(you)關(guan)。UPS不(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)電(dian)源(yuan)係(ji)統(tong)不(bu)僅(jin)能(neng)***對(dui)通(tong)信(xin)設(she)備(bei)可(ke)靠(kao)的(di)連(lian)續(xu)供(gong)電(dian)，而(er)且(qie)，其(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)也(ye)比(bi)較(jiao)穩(wen)定(ding)，沒(mo)有(you)瞬(shun)變(bian)和(hu)諧(xie)波(bo)，具(ju)有(you)明(ming)顯(xian)的(di)電(dian)力(li)保(bao)護(hu)功(gong)能(neng)。當(dang)在(zai)市(shi)電(dian)斷(duan)電(dian)時(shi)，UPS可(ke)以(yi)不(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)地(de)向(xiang)負(fu)載(zai)繼(ji)續(xu)供(gong)電(dian)；在(zai)市(shi)電(dian)不(bu)穩(wen)定(ding)的(di)時(shi)候(hou)，UPS可(ke)以(yi)避(bi)免(wen)負(fu)載(zai)遭(zao)受(shou)欠(qian)壓(ya)、浪(lang)湧(chong)衝(chong)擊(ji)等(deng)的(di)危(wei)害(hai)，改(gai)善(shan)了(liao)供(gong)電(dian)質(zhi)量(liang)；當(dang)供(gong)電(dian)係(ji)統(tong)出(chu)現(xian)故(gu)障(zhang)時(shi)，UPS不(bu)僅(jin)能(neng)給(ji)負(fu)載(zai)以(yi)保(bao)護(hu)，而(er)且(qie)可(ke)起(qi)到(dao)對(dui)過(guo)載(zai)、短(duan)路(lu)、電(dian)池(chi)過(guo)放(fang)等(deng)非(fei)正(zheng)常(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)的(di)防(fang)護(hu)，從(zong)而(er)為(wei)負(fu)載(zai)提(ti)供(gong)了(liao)一(yi)個(ge)穩(wen)定(ding)的(di)工(gong)作(zuo)環(huan)境(jing)。

       1.2閥(fa)控(kong)式(shi)密(mi)封(feng)鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)特(te)點(dian)

       UPS供(gong)電(dian)係(ji)統(tong)中(zhong)大(dai)多(duo)采(cai)用(yong)閥(fa)控(kong)式(shi)密(mi)封(feng)鉛(qian)酸(suan)(VRLA)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)，該(gai)電(dian)池(chi)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)將(qiang)化(hua)學(xue)能(neng)和(hu)電(dian)能(neng)相(xiang)互(hu)轉(zhuan)化(hua)的(di)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)需(xu)先(xian)用(yong)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)源(yuan)對(dui)其(qi)充(chong)電(dian)，將(qiang)電(dian)能(neng)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)化(hua)學(xue)能(neng)儲(chu)存(cun)起(qi)來(lai)，當(dang)市(shi)電(dian)超(chao)限(xian)或(huo)中(zhong)斷(duan)時(shi)，再(zai)將(qiang)化(hua)學(xue)能(neng)轉(zhuan)變(bian)為(wei)電(dian)能(neng)供(gong)UPS逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)。

       閥(fa)控(kong)式(shi)密(mi)封(feng)鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)理(li)，基(ji)本(ben)上(shang)沿(yan)襲(xi)了(liao)傳(zhuan)統(tong)的(di)鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)，它(ta)的(di)正(zheng)極(ji)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)是(shi)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)鉛(qian)(PbO2),負(fu)極(ji)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)是(shi)海(hai)綿(mian)狀(zhuang)鉛(qian)(Pb),電(dian)解(xie)液(ye)是(shi)稀(xi)硫(liu)酸(suan)(H2SO4)。

       普(pu)通(tong)的(di)鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)水(shui)分(fen)解(xie)反(fan)應(ying)，正(zheng)極(ji)析(xi)出(chu)氧(yang)氣(qi)，負(fu)極(ji)析(xi)出(chu)氫(qing)氣(qi)。當(dang)正(zheng)極(ji)充(chong)電(dian)到(dao)70%時(shi)，開(kai)始(shi)析(xi)出(chu)氧(yang)氣(qi)，負(fu)極(ji)充(chong)電(dian)到(dao)90%時(shi)開(kai)始(shi)析(xi)出(chu)氫(qing)氣(qi)，由(you)於(yu)氫(qing)、氧(yang)氣(qi)的(di)析(xi)出(chu)，如(ru)果(guo)反(fan)應(ying)產(chan)生(sheng)的(di)氣(qi)體(ti)不(bu)能(neng)重(chong)新(xin)複(fu)合(ge)成(cheng)水(shui)，電(dian)池(chi)就(jiu)會(kuai)失(shi)水(shui)幹(gan)涸(he)。

       閥(fa)控(kong)式(shi)密(mi)封(feng)鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)結(jie)構(gou)、材(cai)料(liao)上(shang)作(zuo)了(liao)重(chong)要(yao)的(di)改(gai)進(jin)：正(zheng)極(ji)板(pan)柵(zha)采(cai)用(yong)鉛(qian)鈣(gai)錫(xi)鋁(lv)四(si)元(yuan)合(ge)金(jin)或(huo)低(di)銻(ti)多(duo)元(yuan)合(ge)金(jin)，負(fu)極(ji)板(pan)柵(zha)采(cai)用(yong)鉛(qian)鈣(gai)錫(xi)鋁(lv)四(si)元(yuan)合(ge)金(jin)，隔(ge)板(pan)采(cai)用(yong)超(chao)細(xi)玻(bo)璃(li)纖(qian)維(wei)棉(mian)(AGM)，並(bing)使(shi)用(yong)緊(jin)密(mi)裝(zhuang)配(pei)和(hu)貧(pin)液(ye)設(she)計(ji)，在(zai)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)上(shang)蓋(ge)中(zhong)設(she)置(zhi)了(liao)一(yi)個(ge)單(shan)向(xiang)的(di)安(an)全(quan)閥(fa)。這(zhe)種(zhong)電(dian)池(chi)結(jie)構(gou)，由(you)於(yu)采(cai)用(yong)鉛(qian)鈣(gai)錫(xi)鋁(lv)四(si)元(yuan)合(ge)金(jin)，提(ti)高(gao)了(liao)負(fu)極(ji)析(xi)氫(qing)過(guo)電(dian)位(wei)值(zhi)，從(zong)而(er)抑(yi)製(zhi)氫(qing)氣(qi)的(di)析(xi)出(chu)。同(tong)時(shi)，采(cai)用(yong)特(te)製(zhi)安(an)全(quan)閥(fa)使(shi)電(dian)池(chi)保(bao)持(chi)一(yi)定(ding)的(di)內(nei)壓(ya)，采(cai)用(yong)超(chao)細(xi)玻(bo)璃(li)纖(qian)維(wei)棉(mian)(AGM)隔(ge)板(pan)，利(li)用(yong)陰(yin)極(ji)吸(xi)收(shou)技(ji)術(zhu)，通(tong)過(guo)貧(pin)液(ye)式(shi)設(she)計(ji)，在(zai)正(zheng)負(fu)極(ji)之(zhi)間(jian)和(hu)隔(ge)板(pan)之(zhi)中(zhong)預(yu)留(liu)氣(qi)體(ti)通(tong)道(dao)。因(yin)此(ci)在(zai)規(gui)定(ding)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)下(xia)進(jin)行(hang)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)，正(zheng)極(ji)析(xi)出(chu)的(di)氧(yang)(O2)可(ke)通(tong)過(guo)隔(ge)板(pan)通(tong)道(dao)傳(zhuan)送(song)到(dao)負(fu)極(ji)板(pan)表(biao)麵(mian)，還(huan)原(yuan)為(wei)水(shui)(H2O)。

2、蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)配(pei)置(zhi)與(yu)選(xuan)擇(ze)

       2.1.2 查(cha)找(zhao)放(fang)電(dian)功(gong)率(shuai)數(shuo)

       根(gen)據(ju) P 值(zhi)查(cha)找(zhao)對(dui)應(ying)的(di)各(ge)型(xing)號(hao)電(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)到(dao)單(shan)體(ti)電(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)1.65～1.75V 時(shi)放(fang)電(dian)功(gong)率(shuai)數(shuo)。

       2.1.3 確(que)定(ding)選(xuan)用(yong)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)數(shuo)

       根(gen)據(ju)上(shang)述(shu)功(gong)率(shuai)數(shuo)，對(dui)參(shen)照(zhao)原(yuan)廠(han)提(ti)供(gong)的(di)放(fang)電(dian)功(gong)率(shuai)表(biao)，確(que)定(ding)選(xuan)用(yong)幾(ji)組(zu)電(dian)池(chi)。

       2.2 指(zhi)標(biao)選(xuan)擇(ze)

       2.2.1 內(nei)阻(zu)