近(jin)來(lai)公(gong)司(si)管(guan)內(nei)一(yi)個(ge)通(tong)信(xin)站(zhan)的(di)閥(fa)控(kong)式(shi)密(mi)封(feng)鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)性(xing)能(neng)嚴(yan)重(chong)下(xia)降(xiang),測(ce)試(shi)發(fa)現(xian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)(-48 V)容(rong)量(liang)不(bu)足(ju)標(biao)稱(chen)容(rong)量(liang)的(di)30%,有(you)2塊(kuai)電(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)0.5h後(hou)電(dian)壓(ya)下(xia)降(xiang)到(dao)1V,促(cu)使(shi)整(zheng)組(zu)電(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)速(su)度(duo)加(jia)快(kuai)。按(an)照(zhao)維(wei)規(gui),全(quan)浮(fu)充(chong)製(zhi)運(yun)用(yong)的(di)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu),閥(fa)控(kong)式(shi)密(mi)封(feng)鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)2V係(ji)列(lie)使(shi)用(yong)8年(nian)及(ji)以(yi)上(shang)或(huo)實(shi)存(cun)容(rong)量(liang)低(di)於(yu)標(biao)稱(chen)容(rong)量(liang)的(di)80%,正(zheng)常(chang)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)一(yi)般(pan)可(ke)達(da)10年(nian)以(yi)上(shang)。此(ci)通(tong)信(xin)站(zhan)是(shi)2001年(nian)9月(yue)開(kai)通(tong),還(huan)沒(mo)到(dao)使(shi)用(yong)年(nian)限(xian)。管(guan)內(nei)其(qi)他(ta)各(ge)站(zhan)也(ye)不(bu)同(tong)程(cheng)度(duo)地(de)存(cun)在(zai)這(zhe)樣(yang)或(huo)那(nuo)樣(yang)的(di)問(wen)題(ti)。實(shi)際(ji)上(shang),很(hen)多(duo)因(yin)素(su)影(ying)響(xiang)著(zhuo)閥(fa)控(kong)式(shi)密(mi)封(feng)鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)壽(shou)命(ming),給(ji)網(wang)絡(lao)安(an)全(quan)造(zao)成(cheng)很(hen)大(dai)的(di)隱(yin)患(huan)。
一(yi)、原(yuan)因(yin)分(fen)析(xi)
1.環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(duo)。當(dang)溫(wen)度(duo)過(guo)高(gao),一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)使(shi)閥(fa)控(kong)式(shi)密(mi)封(feng)鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部(bu)失(shi)水(shui)加(jia)劇(ju),電(dian)解(xie)液(ye)飽(bao)和(hu)度(duo)下(xia)降(xiang);另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)將(qiang)使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)熱(re)失(shi)控(kong)效(xiao)應(ying)加(jia)劇(ju),導(dao)致(zhi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)正(zheng)極(ji)板(pan)腐(fu)蝕(shi)速(su)度(duo)加(jia)劇(ju),極(ji)板(pan)變(bian)形(xing)膨(peng)脹(zhang),電(dian)池(chi)外(wai)殼(qiao)膨(peng)脹(zhang)甚(shen)至(zhi)開(kai)裂(lie),導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)急(ji)劇(ju)下(xia)降(xiang),電(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)縮(suo)短(duan)。蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)25℃的(di)環(huan)境(jing)下(xia)可(ke)獲(huo)得(dei)較(jiao)長(zhang)的(di)壽(shou)命(ming)。每(mei)升(sheng)高(gao)10℃,電(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)將(qiang)縮(suo)短(duan)一(yi)半(ban)。
2.不(bu)合(ge)理(li)的(di)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)。當(dang)電(dian)池(chi)長(zhang)期(qi)處(chu)於(yu)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia),正(zheng)極(ji)因(yin)析(xi)氧(yang)反(fan)應(ying),水(shui)被(bei)消(xiao)耗(hao),正(zheng)離(li)子(zi)增(zeng)加(jia),從(zong)而(er)導(dao)致(zhi)正(zheng)極(ji)附(fu)近(jin)酸(suan)度(duo)增(zeng)加(jia),板(pan)柵(zha)腐(fu)蝕(shi)加(jia)速(su),板(pan)柵(zha)變(bian)薄(bao)加(jia)速(su)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)腐(fu)蝕(shi),使(shi)電(dian)池(chi)容(rong)址(zhi)降(xiang)低(di)。同(tong)時(shi)由(you)於(yu)水(shui)損(sun)耗(hao)加(jia)劇(ju),將(qiang)使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)有(you)幹(gan)涸(he)的(di)危(wei)險(xian),影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)壽(shou)命(ming)。當(dang)交(jiao)流(liu)停(ting)電(dian)後(hou),蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)長(zhang)時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)負(fu)載(zai)供(gong)電(dian),交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)不(bu)能(neng)及(ji)時(shi)給(ji)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian),造(zao)成(cheng)過(guo)度(duo)放(fang)電(dian),使(shi)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)員(yuan)過(guo)低(di)甚(shen)至(zhi)為(wei)零(ling),這(zhe)時(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部(bu)有(you)大(dai)量(liang)的(di)硫(liu)酸(suan)鉛(qian)被(bei)吸(xi)附(fu)到(dao)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)陰(yin)極(ji)表(biao)麵(mian),在(zai)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)陰(yin)極(ji)造(zao)成(cheng)“硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)”。硫(liu)酸(suan)鉛(qian)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)絕(jue)緣(yuan)體(ti),硫(liu)酸(suan)鉛(qian)越(yue)多(duo)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)內(nei)阻(zu)越(yue)大(dai),電(dian)池(chi)的(di)充(chong)、放(fang)電(dian)就(jiu)越(yue)差(chai),蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)就(jiu)越(yue)短(duan)。
3.開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)源(yuan)設(she)置(zhi)不(bu)合(ge)理(li)。比(bi)如(ru),通(tong)信(xin)站(zhan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)欠(qian)壓(ya)保(bao)護(hu)設(she)置(zhi)過(guo)低(di),複(fu)位(wei)電(dian)壓(ya)設(she)置(zhi)過(guo)低(di),使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)出(chu)現(xian)過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)甚(shen)至(zhi)深(shen)度(duo)放(fang)電(dian)現(xian)象(xiang),從(zong)另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)加(jia)劇(ju)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)負(fu)極(ji)板(pan)硫(liu)酸(suan)化(hua),使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)下(xia)降(xiang),使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)縮(suo)短(duan)。目(mu)前(qian)許(xu)多(duo)通(tong)信(xin)站(zhan)開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)源(yuan)均(jun)設(she)置(zhi)低(di)壓(ya)隔(ge)離(li)保(bao)護(hu)功(gong)能(neng)後(hou)二(er)次(ci)下(xia)電(dian)功(gong)能(neng)。當(dang)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)至(zhi)一(yi)定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)時(shi),開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)源(yuan)將(qiang)自(zi)動(dong)切(qie)斷(duan)對(dui)部(bu)分(fen)重(chong)負(fu)載(zai)或(huo)全(quan)部(bu)負(fu)載(zai)的(di)供(gong)電(dian),以(yi)保(bao)護(hu)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)不(bu)過(guo)放(fang)電(dian),確(que)保(bao)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)。如(ru)電(dian)池(chi)低(di)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)太(tai)低(di),蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)將(qiang)出(chu)現(xian)過(guo)放(fang)電(dian),多(duo)次(ci)的(di)過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)和(hu)過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)後(hou)未(wei)及(ji)時(shi)補(bu)充(chong)電(dian)或(huo)充(chong)電(dian)不(bu)足(ju),特(te)別(bie)是(shi)一(yi)些(xie)地(de)區(ou)連(lian)續(xu)頻(pin)繁(fan)停(ting)電(dian),將(qiang)嚴(yan)重(chong)影(ying)響(xiang)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)。如(ru)果(guo)開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)源(yuan)複(fu)位(wei)電(dian)壓(ya)設(she)置(zhi)過(guo)低(di),將(qiang)使(shi)電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)放(fang)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)出(chu)現(xian)重(chong)複(fu)多(duo)次(ci)放(fang)電(dian),而(er)影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)。
4.長(zhang)期(qi)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)而(er)不(bu)測(ce)試(shi)。蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)長(zhang)期(qi)浮(fu)充(chong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia),隻(zhi)充(chong)而(er)不(bu)放(fang)電(dian),會(kuai)造(zao)成(cheng)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)陽(yang)極(ji)極(ji)板(pan)鈍(dun)化(hua),使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)內(nei)阻(zu)增(zeng)大(dai),容(rong)量(liang)下(xia)降(xiang),從(zong)而(er)造(zao)成(cheng)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)縮(suo)短(duan)。
二(er)、使(shi)用(yong)和(hu)維(wei)護(hu)
正(zheng)確(que)使(shi)用(yong)、合(ge)理(li)維(wei)護(hu)會(kuai)使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)增(zeng)加(jia)。
4.電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的(di)放(fang)電(dian)。新(xin)安(an)裝(zhuang)或(huo)大(dai)修(xiu)後(hou)的(di)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi),應(ying)進(jin)行(hang)全(quan)核(he)對(dui)性(xing)放(fang)電(dian)實(shi)驗(yan);在(zai)投(tou)入(ru)運(yun)行(hang)後(hou)的(di)前(qian)4年(nian),每(mei)年(nian)應(ying)以(yi)實(shi)際(ji)負(fu)載(zai)進(jin)行(hang)一(yi)次(ci)核(he)對(dui)性(xing)放(fang)電(dian)實(shi)驗(yan),放(fang)出(chu)標(biao)稱(chen)容(rong)量(liang)的(di)30%-40%;從(zong)投(tou)入(ru)運(yun)行(hang)後(hou)的(di)第(di)6年(nian)起(qi),每(mei)年(nian)應(ying)進(jin)行(hang)一(yi)次(ci)容(rong)量(liang)實(shi)驗(yan)。
放(fang)電(dian)時(shi)應(ying)注(zhu)意(yi):①根(gen)據(ju)環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(duo)和(hu)放(fang)電(dian)速(su)率(shuai)的(di)不(bu)同(tong),設(she)置(zhi)好(hao)放(fang)電(dian)終(zhong)止(zhi)電(dian)壓(ya),一(yi)般(pan)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia),如(ru)果(guo)放(fang)電(dian)速(su)率(shuai)在(zai)0.01一(yi)0.025之(zhi)間(jian),終(zhong)止(zhi)電(dian)壓(ya)可(ke)設(she)為(wei)2.0V;放(fang)電(dian)速(su)率(shuai)在(zai)0.5~0.25之(zhi)間(jian)時(shi).終(zhong)止(zhi)電(dian)壓(ya)可(ke)設(she)為(wei)1.8V;②嚴(yan)格(ge)避(bi)免(wen)過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)現(xian)象(xiang)的(di)發(fa)生(sheng),隨(sui)時(shi)監(jian)視(shi)每(mei)隻(zhi)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)端(duan)電(dian)壓(ya),隻(zhi)要(yao)發(fa)現(xian)整(zheng)組(zu)中(zhong)有(you)1隻(zhi)電(dian)池(chi)端(duan)電(dian)壓(ya)達(da)到(dao)設(she)定(ding)的(di)終(zhong)了(liao)電(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi),則(ze)應(ying)立(li)即(ji)停(ting)止(zhi)放(fang)電(dian);③放(fang)電(dian)後(hou)的(di)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)應(ying)在(zai)8h內(nei)進(jin)行(hang)充(chong)電(dian),充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)法(fa)按(an)照(zhao)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)的(di)要(yao)求(qiu)執(zhi)行(hang)。
在(zai)維(wei)護(hu)測(ce)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)時(shi),操(cao)作(zuo)者(zhe)而(er)部(bu)不(bu)得(dei)正(zheng)對(dui)著(zhuo)電(dian)池(chi)頂(ding)部(bu),應(ying)保(bao)持(chi)一(yi)定(ding)的(di)角(jue)度(duo)和(hu)距(ju)離(li)。不(bu)能(neng)把(ba)不(bu)同(tong)廠(han)家(jia)、不(bu)同(tong)型(xing)號(hao)、不(bu)同(tong)種(zhong)類(lei)、不(bu)同(tong)容(rong)量(liang)、不(bu)同(tong)性(xing)能(neng)以(yi)及(ji)新(xin)舊(jiu)不(bu)同(tong)的(di)電(dian)池(chi)串(chuan)、並(bing)在(zai)一(yi)起(qi)使(shi)用(yong)。