蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)設(she)計(ji)和(hu)生(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)藝(yi)決(jue)定(ding)了(liao)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的(di)固(gu)有(you)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing),蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的(di)使(shi)用(yong)維(wei)護(hu)則(ze)是(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)的(di)基(ji)礎(chu)。通(tong)過(guo)對(dui)UPS維(wei)修(xiu)工(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)各(ge)種(zhong)故(gu)障(zhang)的(di)統(tong)計(ji)可(ke)以(yi)得(dei)出(chu)這(zhe)樣(yang)的(di)結(jie)論(lun):對(dui)於(yu)後(hou)備(bei)式(shi)UPS電(dian)源(yuan),由(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)引(yin)發(fa)的(di)故(gu)障(zhang)超(chao)過(guo)了(liao)總(zong)故(gu)障(zhang)的(di)50%;對(dui)於(yu)在(zai)線(xian)式(shi)UPS,因(yin)為(wei)它(ta)的(di)電(dian)路(lu)設(she)計(ji)合(ge)理(li),驅(qu)動(dong)功(gong)率(shuai)元(yuan)件(jian)容(rong)量(liang)所(suo)取(qu)的(di)餘(yu)量(liang)大(dai),因(yin)而(er)電(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)路(lu)故(gu)障(zhang)率(shuai)很(hen)低(di),相(xiang)比(bi)之(zhi)下(xia)由(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)所(suo)引(yin)發(fa)的(di)故(gu)障(zhang)率(shuai)上(shang)升(sheng)至(zhi)60%以(yi)上(shang)。可(ke)見(xian),正(zheng)確(que)地(de)使(shi)用(yong)和(hu)維(wei)護(hu)好(hao)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)是(shi)延(yan)長(zhang)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)壽(shou)命(ming)、降(xiang)低(di)UPS總(zong)故(gu)障(zhang)率(shuai)的(di)關(guan)鍵(jian)因(yin)素(su)之(zhi)一(yi)。以(yi)下(xia)隻(zhi)從(zong)使(shi)用(yong)維(wei)護(hu)的(di)角(jue)度(duo)提(ti)出(chu)幾(ji)點(dian)意(yi)見(xian)和(hu)應(ying)采(cai)取(qu)的(di)技(ji)術(zhu)措(cuo)施(shi)以(yi)供(gong)參(shen)考(kao)。
1.定(ding)期(qi)檢(jian)查(cha)
UPS在(zai)運(yun)行(hang)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),由(you)各(ge)單(shan)元(yuan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)特(te)性(xing)隨(sui)時(shi)間(jian)變(bian)化(hua)而(er)產(chan)生(sheng)的(di)不(bu)均(jun)衡(heng)性(xing),是(shi)不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)再(zai)依(yi)靠(kao)UPS內(nei)部(bu)的(di)充(chong)電(dian)回(hui)路(lu)來(lai)消(xiao)除(chu)的(di),所(suo)以(yi)對(dui)這(zhe)種(zhong)特(te)性(xing)已(yi)發(fa)生(sheng)明(ming)顯(xian)不(bu)均(jun)衡(heng)性(xing)的(di)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu),若(ruo)不(bu)及(ji)時(shi)采(cai)取(qu)脫(tuo)機(ji)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)處(chu)理(li)的(di)話(hua),其(qi)不(bu)均(jun)衡(heng)度(duo)就(jiu)會(kuai)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)嚴(yan)重(chong)。要(yao)定(ding)期(qi)(是(shi)半(ban)年(nian)左(zuo)右(you))對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行(hang)治(zhi)療(liao)性(xing)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian),即(ji)用(yong)20小(xiao)時(shi)率(shuai)放(fang)電(dian)至(zhi)1. 80V(相(xiang)對(dui)於(yu)2v蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)),然(ran)後(hou)充(chong)足(ju)電(dian)再(zai)繼(ji)續(xu)使(shi)用(yong)。
2.定(ding)期(qi)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)
UPS長(zhang)期(qi)處(chu)於(yu)浮(fu)充(chong)待(dai)用(yong)”狀(zhuang)態(tai)。如(ru)果(guo)這(zhe)種(zhong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)持(chi)續(xu)的(di)時(shi)間(jian)過(guo)長(zhang),則(ze)會(kuai)造(zao)成(cheng)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)因(yin)儲(chu)存(cun)過(guo)久(jiu)而(er)失(shi)效(xiao)報(bao)廢(fei)。這(zhe)主(zhu)要(yao)表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)內(nei)阻(zu)增(zeng)大(dai),嚴(yan)重(chong)時(shi)內(nei)阻(zu)可(ke)達(da)幾(ji)歐(ou)姆(mu)。
在(zai)室(shi)溫(wen)(20℃)下(xia),存(cun)儲(chu)1個(ge)月(yue)後(hou)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)可(ke)供(gong)使(shi)用(yong)的(di)容(rong)量(liang)為(wei)其(qi)額(e)定(ding)值(zhi)的(di)97%左(zuo)右(you)。如(ru)果(guo)儲(chu)存(cun)6個(ge)月(yue)不(bu)用(yong),它(ta)的(di)可(ke)使(shi)用(yong)容(rong)量(liang)則(ze)變(bian)為(wei)額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)的(di)80。如(ru)果(guo)儲(chu)存(cun)溫(wen)度(duo)升(sheng)高(gao),它(ta)的(di)可(ke)使(shi)用(yong)容(rong)量(liang)還(huan)會(kuai)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)降(xiang)低(di)。
因(yin)此(ci)建(jian)議(yi)用(yong)戶(hu)每(mei)隔(ge)一(yi)個(ge)月(yue)有(you)意(yi)地(de)中(zhong)斷(duan)市(shi)電(dian)輸(shu)入(ru),讓(rang)UPS工(gong)作(zuo)於(yu)由(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)向(xiang)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)提(ti)供(gong)能(neng)量(liang)的(di)狀(zhuang)態(tai).但(dan)這(zhe)種(zhong)操(cao)作(zuo)不(bu)宜(yi)時(shi)間(jian)過(guo)長(zhang),在(zai)負(fu)載(zai)為(wei)額(e)定(ding)輸(shu)出(chu)的(di)30%左(zuo)右(you)時(shi)放(fang)電(dian)10min即(ji)可(ke)。
3.減(jian)少(shao)深(shen)度(duo)放(fang)電(dian)
蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)與(yu)它(ta)被(bei)放(fang)電(dian)的(di)深(shen)度(duo)密(mi)切(qie)相(xiang)關(guan)。UPS所(suo)帶(dai)的(di)負(fu)載(zai)越(yue)輕(qing),市(shi)電(dian)供(gong)電(dian)中(zhong)斷(duan)時(shi),蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)可(ke)供(gong)使(shi)用(yong)容(rong)量(liang)與(yu)其(qi)額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)的(di)比(bi)值(zhi)越(yue)大(dai)。當(dang)UPS因(yin)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)過(guo)低(di)而(er)自(zi)動(dong)關(guan)機(ji)時(shi),蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)被(bei)放(fang)電(dian)的(di)深(shen)度(duo)就(jiu)比(bi)較(jiao)深(shen)。
實(shi)際(ji)應(ying)用(yong)中(zhong)減(jian)少(shao)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)深(shen)度(duo)放(fang)電(dian)的(di)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi):當(dang)市(shi)電(dian)供(gong)電(dian)中(zhong)斷(duan),改(gai)由(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)向(xiang)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)供(gong)電(dian)時(shi),絕(jue)大(dai)多(duo)數(shuo)UPS都(du)會(kuai)以(yi)間(jian)隔(ge)4s左(zuo)右(you)響(xiang)一(yi)次(ci)的(di)周(zhou)期(qi)性(xing)報(bao)警(jing)聲(sheng)通(tong)知(zhi)用(yong)戶(hu)現(xian)在(zai)是(shi)由(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)提(ti)供(gong)能(neng)量(liang)的(di)。當(dang)報(bao)替(ti)聲(sheng)變(bian)急(ji)促(cu)時(shi),說(shui)明(ming)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)已(yi)處(chu)於(yu)深(shen)度(duo)放(fang)電(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai),應(ying)立(li)即(ji)進(jin)行(hang)應(ying)急(ji)處(chu)理(li),關(guan)閉(bi)UPS。如(ru)果(guo)不(bu)是(shi)迫(po)不(bu)得(dei)已(yi),一(yi)般(pan)不(bu)要(yao)讓(rang)UPS一(yi)直(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)到(dao)因(yin)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)過(guo)低(di)而(er)自(zi)動(dong)關(guan)機(ji)。
4.利(li)用(yong)用(yong)電(dian)穀(gu)時(shi)充(chong)電(dian)
對(dui)於(yu)UPS長(zhang)期(qi)處(chu)於(yu)市(shi)電(dian)低(di)電(dian)壓(ya)供(gong)電(dian)或(huo)頻(pin)繁(fan)停(ting)電(dian)的(di)用(yong)戶(hu)來(lai)說(shui)。為(wei)防(fang)止(zhi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)因(yin)長(zhang)期(qi)充(chong)電(dian)不(bu)足(ju)而(er)過(guo)早(zao)損(sun)壞(huai),應(ying)充(chong)分(fen)利(li)用(yong)用(yong)電(dian)穀(gu)時(shi)(如(ru)深(shen)夜(ye)時(shi)間(jian))對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)以(yi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)每(mei)次(ci)放(fang)電(dian)之(zhi)後(hou)有(you)足(ju)夠(gou)的(di)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)。一(yi)般(pan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)被(bei)深(shen)度(duo)放(fang)電(dian)後(hou),再(zai)充(chong)電(dian)至(zhi)額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)的(di)90%至(zhi)少(shao)需(xu)要(yao)10~12h。盡(jin)量(liang)使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)處(chu)於(yu)充(chong)足(ju)電(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)產(chan)物(wu)是(shi)PbSO,,若(ruo)不(bu)及(ji)時(shi)充(chong)電(dian),將(qiang)會(kuai)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)Pb和(hu)PbO2,那(nuo)麽(ma)PbSO4。品(pin)體(ti)就(jiu)會(kuai)發(fa)生(sheng)變(bian)化(hua),失(shi)去(qu)活(huo)性(xing),引(yin)起(qi)極(ji)板(pan)硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua),降(xiang)低(di)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang),縮(suo)短(duan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)。
5.注(zhu)愈(yu)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)的(di)選(xuan)用(yong)