要(yao)提(ti)高(gao)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)充(chong)電(dian)速(su)度(duo)，須(xu)提(ti)高(gao)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)的(di)數(shuo)值(zhi)。然(ran)而(er)，給(ji)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)，並(bing)非(fei)在(zai)任(ren)何(he)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)對(dui)任(ren)何(he)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)都(du)可(ke)以(yi)接(jie)受(shou)。1935年(nian)伍(wu)德(de)布(bu)裏(li)奇(ji)發(fa)現(xian)了(liao)充(chong)電(dian)對(dui)於(yu)溫(wen)度(duo)的(di)敏(min)感(gan)性(xing)，並(bing)注(zhu)0391充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)所(suo)要(yao)求(qiu)的(di)指(zhi)數(shuo)特(te)性(xing)。1967年(nian)美(mei)國(guo)人(ren)麥(mai)斯(si)J.A.Mas)

       注(zhu)意(yi)到(dao)出(chu)氣(qi)問(wen)題(ti)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)的(di)重(chong)要(yao)意(yi)義(yi)，並(bing)開(kai)始(shi)用(yong)以(yi)控(kong)製(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)。他(ta)用(yong)實(shi)驗(yan)證(zheng)明(ming)後(hou)提(ti)出(chu):如(ru)果(guo)一(yi)個(ge)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)保(bao)持(chi)等(deng)量(liang)地(de)和(hu)微(wei)量(liang)地(de)析(xi)出(chu)氣(qi)體(ti)，則(ze)這(zhe)個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)是(shi)一(yi)條(tiao)指(zhi)數(shuo)曲(qu)線(xian)。在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)的(di)任(ren)一(yi)時(shi)刻(ke)t，蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)可(ke)接(jie)受(shou)的(di)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)i的(di)方(fang)程(cheng)式(shi)為(wei)

       圖(tu)4示(shi)出(chu)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)僅(jin)持(chi)續(xu)產(chan)生(sheng)微(wei)量(liang)氣(qi)體(ti)的(di)充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)受(shou)特(te)性(xing)曲(qu)線(xian)。這(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)條(tiao)自(zi)然(ran)接(jie)受(shou)特(te)性(xing)曲(qu)線(xian)，超(chao)過(guo)這(zhe)一(yi)接(jie)受(shou)曲(qu)線(xian)的(di)任(ren)何(he)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)，不(bu)僅(jin)絲(si)毫(hao)不(bu)能(neng)提(ti)高(gao)充(chong)電(dian)速(su)度(duo)，而(er)且(qie)會(kuai)導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)解(xie)水(shui)反(fan)應(ying)，產(chan)生(sheng)氣(qi)體(ti)、、增(zeng)大(dai)壓(ya)力(li)和(hu)溫(wen)升(sheng)。而(er)小(xiao)於(yu)這(zhe)一(yi)接(jie)受(shou)特(te)性(xing)曲(qu)線(xian)的(di)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)，均(jun)為(wei)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)受(shou)電(dian)流(liu)，當(dang)然(ran)這(zhe)也(ye)就(jiu)延(yan)長(zhang)了(liao)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)。蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)受(shou)能(neng)力(li)，是(shi)指(zhi)其(qi)接(jie)受(shou)及(ji)貯(zhu)存(cun)電(dian)量(liang)的(di)能(neng)力(li)。蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)受(shou)電(dian)流(liu)，是(shi)指(zhi)能(neng)使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行(hang)充(chong)電(dian)反(fan)應(ying)的(di)電(dian)流(liu)，也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)能(neng)使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)貯(zhu)存(cun)電(dian)量(liang)，從(zong)而(er)再(zai)放(fang)電(dian)的(di)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)。

       如(ru)果(guo)遵(zun)循(xun)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)受(shou)特(te)性(xing)進(jin)行(hang)充(chong)電(dian)，充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)受(shou)率(shuai)a保(bao)持(chi)常(chang)數(shuo)，在(zai)某(mou)一(yi)時(shi)刻(ke)t，已(yi)充(chong)電(dian)的(di)容(rong)Cs,是(shi)時(shi)間(jian)從(zong)零(ling)到(dao)t曲(qu)線(xian)下(xia)麵(mian)的(di)麵(mian)積(ji)，可(ke)用(yong)積(ji)分(fen)方(fang)法(fa)求(qiu)得(dei):

       因(yin)此(ci)，充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)受(shou)率(shuai)a是(shi)起(qi)始(shi)接(jie)受(shou)電(dian)流(liu)I。和(hu)尚(shang)需(xu)充(chong)進(jin)容(rong)量(liang)C的(di)比(bi)值(zhi)。對(dui)於(yu)任(ren)何(he)一(yi)定(ding)的(di)待(dai)充(chong)進(jin)容(rong)量(liang)C，充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)受(shou)率(shuai)a愈(yu)高(gao)，起(qi)始(shi)接(jie)受(shou)電(dian)流(liu)Io愈(yu)大(dai)，充(chong)電(dian)也(ye)就(jiu)愈(yu)快(kuai)。由(you)此(ci)可(ke)以(yi)看(kan)出(chu)，充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)受(shou)率(shuai)a的(di)物(wu)理(li)意(yi)義(yi)為(wei)單(shan)位(wei)待(dai)充(chong)入(ru)容(rong)量(liang)的(di)接(jie)受(shou)電(dian)流(liu)。

       如(ru)果(guo)充(chong)電(dian)是(shi)按(an)充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)受(shou)曲(qu)線(xian)進(jin)行(hang)的(di)，充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)受(shou)率(shuai)a保(bao)持(chi)常(chang)數(shuo)。在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)的(di)任(ren)一(yi)時(shi)刻(ke)，充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)受(shou)率(shuai)a為(wei)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)和(hu)尚(shang)需(xu)充(chong)入(ru)容(rong)量(liang)Q之(zhi)比(bi)

       由(you)於(yu)充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)受(shou)特(te)性(xing)曲(qu)線(xian)的(di)指(zhi)數(shuo)性(xing)質(zhi)，使(shi)得(dei)充(chong)電(dian)後(hou)期(qi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)接(jie)受(shou)電(dian)流(liu)很(hen)小(xiao)。這(zhe)時(shi)，要(yao)想(xiang)再(zai)多(duo)充(chong)入(ru)一(yi)些(xie)電(dian)量(liang)，需(xu)花(hua)費(fei)很(hen)長(zhang)的(di)時(shi)間(jian)。例(li)如(ru)，從(zong)90%要(yao)充(chong)到(dao)99%也(ye)需(xu)要(yao)138/a分(fen)鍾(zhong)，從(zong)99%要(yao)充(chong)到(dao)99.9%又(you)需(xu)要(yao)138/a分(fen)鍾(zhong)。

       如(ru)果(guo)采(cai)用(yong)比(bi)起(qi)始(shi)接(jie)受(shou)電(dian)流(liu)I。小(xiao)的(di)電(dian)流(liu)I。進(jin)行(hang)恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(圖(tu)5)，說(shui)明(ming)在(zai)幾(ji)和(hu)充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)受(shou)特(te)性(xing)曲(qu)線(xian)相(xiang)交(jiao)之(zhi)前(qian)的(di)時(shi)間(jian)t1裏(li)，投(tou)有(you)充(chong)分(fen)地(de)利(li)用(yong)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)受(shou)能(neng)力(li)。當(dang)人(ren)與(yu)曲(qu)線(xian)相(xiang)交(jiao)時(shi)，由(you)於(yu)C2麵(mian)積(ji)對(dui)應(ying)的(di)容(rong)量(liang)並(bing)沒(mo)有(you)充(chong)入(ru)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)，所(suo)以(yi)，容(rong)量(liang)C2與(yu)C3之(zhi)和(hu)便(pian)成(cheng)為(wei)尚(shang)需(xu)充(chong)入(ru)容(rong)量(liang)，於(yu)是(shi)形(xing)成(cheng)了(liao)一(yi)條(tiao)新(xin)的(di)充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)受(shou)特(te)性(xing)曲(qu)線(xian)。

       可(ke)見(xian)，蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)接(jie)受(shou)充(chong)電(dian)有(you)一(yi)個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)受(shou)率(shuai)a，超(chao)過(guo)此(ci)接(jie)受(shou)率(shuai)的(di)充(chong)電(dian)，不(bu)僅(jin)不(bu)能(neng)縮(suo)短(duan)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)，而(er)且(qie)還(huan)會(kuai)產(chan)生(sheng)氣(qi)體(ti)和(hu)溫(wen)升(sheng)，低(di)於(yu)此(ci)接(jie)受(shou)率(shuai)的(di)充(chong)電(dian)將(qiang)延(yan)長(zhang)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)。因(yin)為(wei)，蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)受(shou)特(te)性(xing)曲(qu)線(xian)的(di)充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)受(shou)率(shuai)a為(wei)常(chang)數(shuo)，所(suo)以(yi)，也(ye)稱(chen)這(zhe)條(tiao)充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)受(shou)特(te)性(xing)曲(qu)線(xian)為(wei)a值(zhi)曲(qu)線(xian)。