一(yi)般(pan)來(lai)說(shui),UPS中(zhong)的(di)標(biao)稱(chen)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)(或(huo)12V電(dian)池(chi)的(di)個(ge)數(shuo))沒(mo)有(you)哪(nei)個(ge)標(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)定(ding),是(shi)廠(han)家(jia)根(gen)據(ju)采(cai)用(yong)的(di)電(dian)路(lu)拓(ta)撲(pu)、機(ji)箱(xiang)結(jie)構(gou)、功(gong)率(shuai)等(deng)級(ji)、成(cheng)本(ben)需(xu)要(yao)等(deng)來(lai)設(she)計(ji)的(di)。
後(hou)備(bei)式(shi)方(fang)波(bo)輸(shu)出(chu)的(di)UPS,一(yi)般(pan)采(cai)用(yong)12V或(huo)24V電(dian)池(chi),經(jing)過(guo)推(tui)挽(wan)及(ji)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)升(sheng)壓(ya)得(dei)到(dao)220V的(di)交(jiao)流(liu)方(fang)波(bo)。一(yi)般(pan)功(gong)率(shuai)在(zai)1kVA以(yi)下(xia)。在(zai)線(xian)互(hu)動(dong)式(shi)一(yi)般(pan)采(cai)用(yong)24V或(huo)48V的(di)電(dian)池(chi)。
單(shan)進(jin)單(shan)出(chu)傳(zhuan)統(tong)在(zai)線(xian)式(shi),一(yi)般(pan)采(cai)用(yong)16節(jie)一(yi)82V (16 x 12V=182V),充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)216V左(zuo)右(you),因(yin)為(wei)該(gai)電(dian)壓(ya)與(yu)低(di)限(xian)值(zhi)交(jiao)流(liu)整(zheng)流(liu)後(hou)的(di)電(dian)壓(ya)相(xiang)當(dang)(75% x 220V x 1.414 x0.9=210V),以(yi)3一(yi)15kVA單(shan)進(jin)單(shan)出(chu)機(ji)器(qi)居(ji)多(duo)。
對(dui)於(yu)三(san)進(jin)單(shan)出(chu)的(di)傳(zhuan)統(tong)電(dian)路(lu)結(jie)構(gou),一(yi)般(pan)先(xian)采(cai)用(yong)自(zi)禍(huo)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(或(huo)隔(ge)離(li)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi))降(xiang)壓(ya),也(ye)適(kuo)用(yong)16節(jie)192 V(16 x 12V= 192V)或(huo)者(zhe)32節(jie)384V,至(zhi)於(yu)三(san)進(jin)三(san)出(chu)機(ji)器(qi),則(ze)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)級(ji)更(geng)多(duo),有(you)348V ,360V ,576V ,72OV, 對(dui)於(yu)小(xiao)功(gong)率(shuai)高(gao)頻(pin)機(ji)器(qi),1kVA的(di)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)以(yi)36V的(di)居(ji)多(duo),也(ye)有(you)24V或(huo)48V的(di);2kVA一(yi)般(pan)為(wei)72V;也(ye)有(you)2kVA和(hu)3kVA為(wei)了(liao)電(dian)池(chi)兼(jian)容(rong),都(du)采(cai)用(yong)%V的(di)。原(yuan)則(ze)是(shi)采(cai)用(yong)N個(ge)7Ah的(di)電(dian)池(chi)滿(man)足(ju)標(biao)機(ji)的(di)時(shi)間(jian)(5一(yi)10min )需(xu)要(yao),以(yi)達(da)到(dao)性(xing)價(jia)比(bi)。
浮(fu)充(chong)與(yu)均(jun)充(chong):
由(you)於(yu)電(dian)解(xie)液(ye)和(hu)極(ji)板(pan)中(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)雜(za)質(zhi),這(zhe)種(zhong)雜(za)質(zhi)會(kuai)在(zai)極(ji)板(pan)上(shang)形(xing)成(cheng)局(ju)部(bu)放(fang)電(dian),這(zhe)種(zhong)局(ju)部(bu)放(fang)電(dian)現(xian)象(xiang)就(jiu)是(shi)“自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)”,自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)隨(sui)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)老(lao)化(hua)程(cheng)度(duo)而(er)加(jia)劇(ju)。浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)就(jiu)是(shi)將(qiang)充(chong)足(ju)電(dian)的(di)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)與(yu)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)同(tong)時(shi)並(bing)接(jie)在(zai)直(zhi)流(liu)母(mu)線(xian)上(shang),以(yi)補(bu)充(chong)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)自(zi)放(fang)電(dian),大(dai)體(ti)上(shang)使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)經(jing)常(chang)保(bao)持(chi)在(zai)充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)的(di)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)的(di)電(dian)壓(ya)各(ge)個(ge)廠(han)家(jia)稍(shao)有(you)不(bu)同(tong),在(zai)一(yi)般(pan)為(wei)2.10一(yi)2.20V,浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)流(liu)可(ke)按(an)下(xia)式(shi)計(ji)算(suan):
I=0.0009Q0
式(shi)中(zhong):
I——浮(fu)充(chong)所(suo)需(xu)要(yao)的(di)電(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)(A)
Q0——蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)(Ah)
該(gai)電(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)隻(zhi)是(shi)用(yong)於(yu)補(bu)充(chong)自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)的(di)損(sun)失(shi),如(ru)果(guo)電(dian)池(chi)沒(mo)有(you)充(chong)滿(man),則(ze)該(gai)電(dian)流(liu)需(xu)要(yao)增(zeng)大(dai)。
以(yi)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)進(jin)行(hang)運(yun)行(hang)的(di)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi),由(you)於(yu)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)中(zhong)每(mei)個(ge)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)不(bu)均(jun)衡(heng)性(xing)造(zao)成(cheng)每(mei)個(ge)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)是(shi)不(bu)一(yi)樣(yang)的(di),而(er)對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的(di)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)流(liu)是(shi)一(yi)致(zhi)的(di),結(jie)果(guo)會(kuai)出(chu)現(xian)部(bu)分(fen)電(dian)池(chi)處(chu)於(yu)欠(qian)充(chong)電(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。
為(wei)了(liao)使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)中(zhong)每(mei)個(ge)電(dian)池(chi)處(chu)於(yu)健(jian)康(kang)狀(zhuang)態(tai),一(yi)定(ding)時(shi)間(jian)後(hou)須(xu)對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行(hang)一(yi)次(ci)均(jun)充(chong)。均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)就(jiu)是(shi)使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)恢(hui)複(fu)的(di)過(guo)程(cheng)。均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)一(yi)般(pan)保(bao)持(chi)在(zai)2.35V,對(dui)於(yu)大(dai)部(bu)分(fen)中(zhong)小(xiao)容(rong)量(liang)UPS,采(cai)用(yong)先(xian)限(xian)流(liu)後(hou)衡(heng)壓(ya)的(di)充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)式(shi),限(xian)流(liu)值(zhi)是(shi)根(gen)據(ju)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)本(ben)身(shen)和(hu)電(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)而(er)定(ding)的(di),不(bu)超(chao)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)的(di)電(dian)流(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)能(neng)力(li)和(hu)0.25C10A的(di)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)。至(zhi)於(yu)限(xian)壓(ya)值(zhi)是(shi)處(chu)於(yu)浮(fu)充(chong)和(hu)均(jun)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)之(zhi)間(jian)的(di)一(yi)個(ge)值(zhi),這(zhe)與(yu)一(yi)些(xie)電(dian)池(chi)廠(han)家(jia)表(biao)明(ming)不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)均(jun)充(chong)的(di)說(shui)法(fa)一(yi)致(zhi)。
長(zhang)期(qi)的(di)均(jun)充(chong)(高(gao)壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian))容(rong)易(yi)造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)池(chi)過(guo)充(chong),易(yi)使(shi)電(dian)池(chi)發(fa)熱(re)膨(peng)脹(zhang),從(zong)而(er)縮(suo)短(duan)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)。隻(zhi)浮(fu)充(chong)不(bu)均(jun)充(chong)會(kuai)使(shi)電(dian)池(chi)欠(qian)充(chong),造(zao)成(cheng)個(ge)別(bie)電(dian)池(chi)落(la)後(hou)。
不(bu)同(tong)的(di)電(dian)池(chi)有(you)一(yi)個(ge)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)(一(yi)定(ding)的(di)溫(wen)度(duo)下(xia)),進(jin)行(hang)了(liao)一(yi)定(ding)時(shi)間(jian)的(di)均(jun)充(chong)後(hou)效(xiao)果(guo)會(kuai)更(geng)好(hao)。充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)取(qu)決(jue)於(yu)放(fang)電(dian)量(liang)、充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)和(hu)溫(wen)度(duo)。