(1) 電(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)

       鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)極(ji)板(pan)在(zai)製(zhi)造(zao)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，對(dui)生(sheng)極(ji)板(pan)進(jin)行(hang)充(chong)電(dian)化(hua)成(cheng)，便(pian)正(zheng)極(ji)板(pan)上(shang)的(di)鉛(qian)變(bian)成(cheng)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)鉛(qian)，負(fu)極(ji)板(pan)上(shang)的(di)鉛(qian)變(bian)為(wei)海(hai)綿(mian)狀(zhuang)鉛(qian)，但(dan)是(shi)製(zhi)造(zao)廠(han)商(shang)對(dui)極(ji)板(pan)進(jin)行(hang)化(hua)成(cheng)的(di)時(shi)問(wen)有(you)限(xian)，不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)將(qiang)所(suo)有(you)的(di)物(wu)質(zhi)均(jun)轉(zhuan)化(hua)成(cheng)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)，為(wei)此(ci)，國(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)定(ding)新(xin)電(dian)池(chi)達(da)到(dao)90%容(rong)量(liang)為(wei)合(ge)格(ge)，隻(zhi)有(you)在(zai)隨(sui)後(hou)的(di)日(ri)常(chang)使(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)，容(rong)量(liang)逐(zhu)漸(jian)達(da)到(dao)正(zheng)常(chang)值(zhi)。

       電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的(di)額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)是(shi)在(zai)規(gui)定(ding)的(di)放(fang)電(dian)率(shuai)下(xia)得(dei)出(chu)的(di)放(fang)電(dian)率(shuai)(1/H)二(er)放(fang)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)((A) /電(dian)池(chi)額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)(Ah)例(li)如(ru)，UPS電(dian)源(yuan)中(zhong)所(suo)用(yong)的(di)小(xiao)型(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)典(dian)型(xing)規(gui)格(ge)之(zhi)一(yi)是(shi)12V. 6Ah/2Ohv，此(ci)規(gui)格(ge)定(ding)義(yi)為(wei)愉(yu)出(chu)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)壓(ya)12V,標(biao)稱(chen)容(rong)量(liang)為(wei)6Ah，放(fang)電(dian)率(shuai)條(tiao)件(jian)為(wei)20hr。具(ju)體(ti)含(han)意(yi)是(shi):把(ba)輸(shu)出(chu)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)FR 12V的(di)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)置(zhi)T-以(yi)20H恒(heng)放(fang)電(dian)率(shuai)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)進(jin)行(hang)放(fang)電(dian)，一(yi)直(zhi)放(fang)到(dao)其(qi)愉(yu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)由(you)12V降(xiang)到(dao)10.5V時(shi)，所(suo)測(ce)到(dao)的(di)總(zong)安(an)時(shi)數(shuo)應(ying)為(wei)6Ah。

       我(wo)國(guo)、日(ri)本(ben)、德(de)國(guo)工(gong)業(ye)用(yong)電(dian)池(chi)采(cai)用(yong)10小(xiao)時(shi)率(shuai)(表(biao)示(shi)為(wei)C10)，美(mei)國(guo)工(gong)業(ye)用(yong)電(dian)池(chi)標(biao)準(zhun)為(wei)8小(xiao)時(shi)率(shuai)(表(biao)示(shi)為(wei)C8,).在(zai)實(shi)際(ji)使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)，其(qi)放(fang)電(dian)率(shuai)並(bing)不(bu)等(deng)於(yu)標(biao)準(zhun)容(rong)量(liang)規(gui)定(ding)的(di)放(fang)電(dian)率(shuai)，當(dang)實(shi)際(ji)放(fang)電(dian)率(shuai)大(dai)於(yu)標(biao)稱(chen)容(rong)量(liang)規(gui)定(ding)的(di)放(fang)電(dian)率(shuai)時(shi)，其(qi)實(shi)際(ji)輸(shu)出(chu)的(di)容(rong)量(liang)要(yao)小(xiao)於(yu)標(biao)稱(chen)容(rong)量(liang)。

       我(wo)國(guo)電(dian)力(li)、郵(you)電(dian)標(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)定(ding)，10小(xiao)時(shi)率(shuai)電(dian)池(chi)，當(dang)采(cai)用(yong)1小(xiao)時(shi)率(shuai)放(fang)電(dian)時(shi)，其(qi)容(rong)量(liang)為(wei)標(biao)稱(chen)容(rong)量(liang)的(di)55%,即(ji)0. 55C10。日(ri)本(ben)工(gong)業(ye)標(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)定(ding)2V/10小(xiao)時(shi)率(shuai)電(dian)池(chi)，1小(xiao)時(shi)率(shuai)Rlt容(rong)量(liang)為(wei)0.65C10, 6V, 12V, 10小(xiao)時(shi)率(shuai)電(dian)池(chi)，1小(xiao)時(shi)率(shuai)容(rong)量(liang)為(wei)0. 6C10. 20小(xiao)時(shi)率(shuai)電(dian)池(chi)，10小(xiao)時(shi)率(shuai)容(rong)量(liang)為(wei)。0.93C20, 1小(xiao)時(shi)率(shuai)容(rong)量(liang)為(wei)。0.56C20。

       蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)壽(shou)命(ming)有(you)兩(liang)種(zhong)表(biao)達(da)方(fang)法(fa):一(yi)種(zhong)為(wei)深(shen)循(xun)環(huan)使(shi)用(yong)的(di)電(dian)池(chi)，另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)為(wei)浮(fu)充(chong)使(shi)用(yong)的(di)備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)池(chi)。深(shen)循(xun)環(huan)使(shi)用(yong)的(di)電(dian)池(chi)以(yi)深(shen)循(xun)環(huan)次(ci)數(shuo)來(lai)表(biao)示(shi)其(qi)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)，以(yi)0.8C10深(shen)度(duo)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)循(xun)環(huan)使(shi)用(yong)的(di)電(dian)池(chi)，其(qi)壽(shou)命(ming)達(da)到(dao)1200次(ci)以(yi)上(shang)，而(er)浮(fu)充(chong)使(shi)用(yong)的(di)電(dian)池(chi)，年(nian)限(xian)可(ke)達(da)到(dao)10~20年(nian)。蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)隻(zhi)有(you)80%容(rong)量(liang)時(shi)認(ren)為(wei)壽(shou)命(ming)終(zhong)止(zhi)。

       實(shi)際(ji)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)與(yu)設(she)計(ji)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)有(you)很(hen)大(dai)差(chai)別(bie)，這(zhe)土(tu)要(yao)取(qu)決(jue)於(yu)電(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)水(shui)的(di)權(quan)失(shi)情(qing)況(kuang).在(zai)設(she)計(ji)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)使(shi)用(yong)可(ke)達(da)到(dao)設(she)計(ji)壽(shou)命(ming)，而(er)當(dang)外(wai)部(bu)條(tiao)件(jian)如(ru)溫(wen)度(duo)、充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)、放(fang)電(dian)深(shen)度(duo)等(deng)變(bian)化(hua)超(chao)出(chu)設(she)計(ji)要(yao)求(qiu)時(shi)，實(shi)際(ji)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)會(kuai)大(dai)大(dai)低(di)於(yu)設(she)計(ji)壽(shou)命(ming)，實(shi)際(ji)使(shi)用(yong)容(rong)量(liang)也(ye)會(kuai)低(di)於(yu)設(she)計(ji)容(rong)量(liang)。

(2) 放(fang)電(dian)率(shuai)對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)實(shi)際(ji)可(ke)輸(shu)出(chu)容(rong)量(liang)的(di)影(ying)響(xiang)

       電(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)C (Ah)等(deng)於(yu)放(fang)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)伍(wu))與(yu)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)達(da)到(dao)下(xia)限(xian)值(zhi)的(di)放(fang)電(dian)時(shi)問(wen)(h)的(di)乘(sheng)積(ji)，而(er)放(fang)電(dian)率(shuai)(1/h)是(shi)實(shi)際(ji)放(fang)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)(A)與(yu)電(dian)池(chi)標(biao)稱(chen)容(rong)量(liang)(Ah)的(di)比(bi)值(zhi)。

       在(zai)UPS的(di)實(shi)際(ji)運(yun)行(hang)中(zhong)，市(shi)電(dian)掉(diao)電(dian)後(hou)，要(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)池(chi)逆(ni)變(bian)承(cheng)擔(dan)全(quan)部(bu)的(di)負(fu)載(zai)功(gong)率(shuai)，放(fang)電(dian)率(shuai)視(shi)後(hou)備(bei)時(shi)間(jian)的(di)不(bu)同(tong)而(er)有(you)很(hen)大(dai)差(chai)別(bie)，例(li)如(ru)標(biao)機(ji)在(zai)10min左(zuo)右(you)，維(wei)持(chi)時(shi)問(wen)很(hen)短(duan)，放(fang)電(dian)率(shuai)很(hen)大(dai)，長(zhang)延(yan)時(shi)機(ji)可(ke)達(da)4h或(huo)11，放(fang)電(dian)率(shuai)很(hen)小(xiao)。所(suo)以(yi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)實(shi)際(ji)放(fang)電(dian)率(shuai)並(bing)非(fei)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)規(gui)格(ge)定(ding)義(yi)中(zhong)的(di)放(fang)電(dian)率(shuai)。

       電(dian)池(chi)的(di)實(shi)際(ji)放(fang)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)越(yue)小(xiao)，電(dian)池(chi)的(di)電(dian)壓(ya)能(neng)維(wei)持(chi)的(di)穩(wen)定(ding)時(shi)間(jian)越(yue)長(zhang)，反(fan)之(zhi)亦(yi)然(ran).例(li)如(ru)，對(dui)IOOHR電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)而(er)言(yan)，當(dang)放(fang)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)為(wei)5A時(shi)，放(fang)電(dian)率(shuai)為(wei)0. 05C,其(qi)愉(yu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)維(wei)持(chi)在(zai)12V以(yi)上(shang)的(di)時(shi)間(jian)長(zhang)達(da)10h以(yi)上(shang)，當(dang)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)下(xia)降(xiang)到(dao)臨(lin)界(jie)電(dian)壓(ya)10. 5V時(shi)，放(fang)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)可(ke)達(da)20h，電(dian)池(chi)釋(shi)放(fang)的(di)容(rong)量(liang)基(ji)木(mu)上(shang)是(shi)它(ta)的(di)標(biao)稱(chen)容(rong)量(liang).若(ruo)將(qiang)放(fang)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)增(zeng)大(dai)至(zhi)IOOA，放(fang)電(dian)率(shuai)為(wei)1C，則(ze)愉(yu)出(chu)電(dian)爪(zhua)維(wei)持(chi)在(zai)12V以(yi)上(shang)的(di)時(shi)間(jian)不(bu)到(dao)10min.當(dang)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)下(xia)降(xiang)到(dao)臨(lin)界(jie)電(dian)樂(yue)時(shi)，可(ke)維(wei)持(chi)放(fang)電(dian)時(shi)問(wen)超(chao)過(guo)30min,實(shi)際(ji)放(fang)出(chu)的(di)容(rong)量(liang)為(wei)58.3.M左(zuo)右(you)，遠(yuan)低(di)於(yu)標(biao)稱(chen)容(rong)量(liang)100Ah。

       電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)允(yun)許(xu)的(di)放(fang)電(dian)臨(lin)界(jie)電(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)和(hu)實(shi)際(ji)可(ke)供(gong)利(li)用(yong)的(di)容(rong)量(liang)心(xin)”AM都(du)弓(gong)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)放(fang)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)大(dai)小(xiao)有(you)密(mi)切(qie)的(di)關(guan)係(ji)。

       蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)所(suo)允(yun)許(xu)放(fang)電(dian)時(shi)問(wen)為(wei)電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)實(shi)際(ji)放(fang)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)下(xia)進(jin)行(hang)放(fang)電(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)從(zong)額(e)定(ding)值(zhi)下(xia)降(xiang)到(dao)它(ta)所(suo)允(yun)許(xu)的(di)臨(lin)界(jie)電(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)所(suo)用(yong)的(di)時(shi)間(jian)。

       蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)可(ke)供(gong)使(shi)用(yong)的(di)效(xiao)率(shuai)為(wei)它(ta)在(zai)實(shi)際(ji)放(fang)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)下(xia)所(suo)能(neng)釋(shi)放(fang)出(chu)的(di)實(shi)際(ji)容(rong)量(liang)與(yu)它(ta)的(di)額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)的(di)比(bi)值(zhi)。

       要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)在(zai)不(bu)同(tong)的(di)放(fang)電(dian)率(shuai)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)，電(dian)池(chi)端(duan)電(dian)壓(ya)下(xia)降(xiang)的(di)臨(lin)界(jie)值(zhi)也(ye)在(zai)變(bian)化(hua)，放(fang)電(dian)率(shuai)低(di)時(shi)，例(li)如(ru)0.01C時(shi)，實(shi)際(ji)釋(shi)放(fang)的(di)容(rong)量(liang)接(jie)近(jin)標(biao)稱(chen)容(rong)量(liang)，所(suo)允(yun)許(xu)的(di)電(dian)池(chi)端(duan)電(dian)樂(yue)下(xia)降(xiang)也(ye)高(gao)(10. 5V)，放(fang)電(dian)率(shuai)大(dai)時(shi)例(li)如(ru)1C,實(shi)際(ji)釋(shi)放(fang)的(di)容(rong)量(liang)小(xiao)，但(dan)允(yun)許(xu)的(di)電(dian)池(chi)端(duan)電(dian)樂(yue)也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)低(di)些(xie)(8V)。

       過(guo)度(duo)的(di)大(dai)電(dian)流(liu)放(fang)電(dian)T.作(zuo)方(fang)式(shi)是(shi)不(bu)利(li)的(di).在(zai)為(wei)UPS配(pei)置(zhi)電(dian)池(chi)時(shi)，單(shan)憑(ping)UPS在(zai)電(dian)池(chi)逆(ni)變(bian)期(qi)問(wen)所(suo)需(xu)要(yao)的(di)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)流(liu)和(hu)電(dian)池(chi)供(gong)電(dian)時(shi)問(wen)來(lai)配(pei)置(zhi)所(suo)用(yong)電(dian)池(chi)的(di)標(biao)稱(chen)容(rong)量(liang)是(shi)不(bu)夠(gou)的(di)，還(huan)須(xu)根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)池(chi)逆(ni)變(bian)時(shi)的(di)放(fang)電(dian)率(shuai)和(hu)所(suo)選(xuan)電(dian)池(chi)規(gui)格(ge)的(di)物(wu)出(chu)特(te)性(xing)，適(kuo)當(dang)增(zeng)大(dai)所(suo)配(pei)電(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)。